The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) spacecraft from the Tanegashima Space Center on October 20, 2026, at 4:41 AM JST.
After around 71 minutes and 13 seconds post-launch, the MMX spacecraft’s separation was confirmed, and it was placed into its intended orbit.
The mission aims to investigate the origins of Mars’ moons, Phobos and Deimos, and ultimately return a sample from Phobos to Earth. NASA is assisting JAXA by providing scientific instruments and support, enhancing the project’s impact.
The MMX mission is designed to address longstanding questions regarding the two Martian moons. Scientists are examining whether Phobos and Deimos are remnants from early Mars impacts or captured asteroids. According to NASA’s Tom Statler, understanding their origins could clarify the formation of the solar system.
The mission will deploy the Mars-moon Exploration with Gamma rays and Neutrons (MEGANE) spectrograph, which will analyze Phobos’ surface composition by measuring gamma rays and neutrons. The spacecraft will also utilize a Pneumatic Sampler (P-Sampler) to collect surface materials using bursts of nitrogen gas.
NASA’s contributions include advanced instruments and logistical support through its Deep Space Network, which will assist with communication and navigation.
MMX is expected to arrive in Mars orbit in 2027 and will begin surveying the moons during its mission. Sample collection from Phobos will take place no earlier than 2028 and is scheduled to return samples to Earth by 2031. NASA will curate about 15% of the returned samples at its Johnson Space Center in Houston.
JAXA expressed gratitude for the support received throughout the preparatory phases, stating their commitment to advancing science and exploration through this significant international collaboration.
